THE TECHNICAL LANGUAGE, EXPLAINED

Know the terms.
Understand the trade-offs.

A practical glossary for experienced vibe coders and people new to multi-agent development. These terms describe the wider field; an entry is not a claim of support for every protocol or implementation.

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27 concepts

Agent harness

The surrounding software that runs a model’s work loop, supplies tools, manages context and records progress. The harness and the model contribute different parts of the overall agent behaviour.

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Agentic development

A software workflow in which AI agents can use tools and perform bounded work toward a goal, rather than only suggesting text.

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Multi-agent orchestration

Coordination of multiple agents through task ownership, dependencies, state and handoffs. In a coding project, it connects planning, implementation and review.

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Control plane

The coordination layer that decides what may run and records workflow state. Model execution performs the reasoning and implementation.

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Task graph / DAG

A representation of tasks and dependencies. A directed acyclic graph describes a dependency structure without circular dependencies; not every project workflow is automatically a DAG.

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Git worktrees

Multiple working trees attached to a Git repository. They provide separate checkouts, but do not by themselves reconcile conflicting product decisions.

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Backpressure

Limiting or redirecting incoming work when a downstream stage cannot keep up. A growing review queue is a reason to inspect review capacity before adding more coders.

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Work stealing

A scheduling pattern where an available worker takes suitable queued work from elsewhere. Task readiness, permissions and ownership still need to be valid.

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Model routing

Selecting a model for a particular task using requirements, capabilities and allowed resources. A cheap token price alone does not establish the best choice.

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Reasoning effort

A model-specific control over reasoning. It is not a universal measure across providers or a direct count of agents.

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Capability floor

The minimum acceptable model or reasoning capability for a task. Sensitive or unknown work should not be downgraded solely to use a cheaper option.

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Context engineering

Selecting, structuring and maintaining the information an AI needs: requirements, relevant files, instructions, decisions and evidence.

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Context compaction

Reducing conversation history into a smaller representation. It can consume usage and lose detail, so durable requirements should remain available separately.

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Prompt caching

Provider-specific reuse of previously processed input. Eligibility and billing depend on the provider; it is different from saving a local conversation.

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Agent handoffs

Transfer of a bounded task and its relevant state to another responsible worker or stage. Useful handoffs identify the version, requirements and next action.

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Agent skills

Reusable instructions or procedures with a defined scope. A skill should not silently expand the permission granted for a particular task.

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Subagents and helpers

Delegated workers used for a bounded task. Provider-native subagents and workspace-managed helpers may expose different control, status and usage information.

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Quality gates

Defined checks that a delivery must satisfy before advancing. Their value depends on the exact version, relevant tests and handling of unknown results.

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Evals / evaluation harness

Repeatable tasks, starting conditions and acceptance checks used to compare a model or workflow. Representative outcomes matter more than an isolated successful demo.

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Human-in-the-loop

A workflow that includes human judgment at meaningful decision points. It does not require a person to relay every routine agent message.

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Spec-driven development

Development organized around explicit requirements and acceptance criteria. Natural-language conversation can still be the way the specification evolves.

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BYOK and connected accounts

Bring your own key typically means using an API key from your provider. Connecting a signed-in account is a different access path and can have different billing.

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MCP / Model Context Protocol

A protocol for connecting AI applications with tools and context. Supporting a protocol does not by itself guarantee that every tool or provider is supported by a product.

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Idempotency

A property where repeating the same operation does not create an additional effect. It is useful for retries, but only for the operations designed to provide it.

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Agent observability

Being able to inspect task state, ownership, attempts, outcomes and usage where measured. An animated indicator alone is not evidence of useful progress.

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Checkpoint and resume

Recording enough durable state to continue after interruption. Resuming work still requires checking uncertain external effects and the current code.

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Agent swarm

A broad term for multiple cooperating agents. The label says little about coordination quality unless responsibilities, limits and verification are explained.

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Read the primary documentation.

For implementation details, start with the Git worktree manual, the Model Context Protocol introduction and Anthropic’s explanation of agent harnesses. Vraido’s guides explain how these broader concepts relate to coordinated software work.